本文转自《Priliament》杂志发表的题为“Government should ‘green light’ carbon capture technology, say MPs”的报道。

日期：2019.04.25

原文链接：https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/business-energy-industrial-strategy/news-parliament-2017/carbon-capture-report-published-17-19/?from=groupmessage&isappinstalled=0

The Government needs to move away from vague and ambiguous targets and give a clear policy direction to ensure the UK seizes the industrial and decarbonisation benefits of carbon capture usage and storage (CCUS), says the Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) Committee in a report published today.

商业，能源和工业战略（BEIS）委员会在今天发表的一份报告中表示，政府需要摆脱模糊和含糊不清的目标，并提出明确的政策方向，以确保英国抓住碳捕获使用和储存（CCUS）的工业和脱碳效益。

The report says CCUS is necessary to meet national and international climate change targets at least cost and argues the technology could play a significant role in supporting productivity growth outside London and the South East.

该报告称，CCUS对于以最低成本实现国家和国际气候变化目标是必要的，并认为该技术可以在支持伦敦和东南部以外的生产力增长方面发挥重要作用。

Turbulent policy support

动荡的政策支持

The UK is considered to have one of the most favourable environments globally for CCUS, but the technology has suffered from 15 years of turbulent policy support, including the cancellation of two major competitions at a late stage. No commercial-scale plant has yet been constructed in the UK.

英国被认为是CCUS全球最有利的环境之一，但该技术已经遭受了15年的动荡政策支持，包括在后期取消了两个主要竞赛。 目前尚未在英国建造商业规模的工厂。

Carbon capture, usage and storage (CCUS) is a set of technologies which can together capture carbon dioxide from waste gases, and either ‘lock up’ this carbon dioxide in long-term storage or use it in industrial processes.

碳捕集，利用和储存（CCUS）是一组技术，可以共同捕获废气中的二氧化碳，并将这种二氧化碳锁定在长期储存中或在工业过程中使用。

What will happen if CCUS is not deployed?

如果未部署CCUS会发生什么？

The report notes that in the UK, failure to deploy CCUS could double the cost of meeting our targets under the Climate Change Act 2008, rising from approximately 1% to 2% of GDP per annum in 2050.

该报告指出，在英国未能部署CCUS可能会使2008年“气候变化法案”实现目标的成本增加一倍，从2050年的每年GDP的约1％上升到2％。

Failure to deploy CCUS would also mean the UK could not credibly adopt a ‘net zero emissions’ target in line with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C aspiration. This latter target is a more ambitious policy on which the Committee on Climate Change will set out next week (on 2nd May) whether the Government should commit to a net-zero target and the date to achieve it.

未能部署CCUS也意味着英国无法可信地采用符合巴黎协议1.5°C愿望的“净零排放”目标。 后一个目标是一项更加雄心勃勃的政策，气候变化委员会将在下周（5月2日）确定政府是否应该实现净零目标和实现目标的日期。

The report recognises the Energy Minister’s personal commitment and support for CCUS but finds there is a lack of clarity concerning the Government’s ambitions for CCUS, both in terms of time-scale for deployment of CCUS and the level of costs reductions the Government is demanding from the technology before it gives it support.

该报告承认能源部长对CCUS的个人承诺和支持，但发现政府对CCUS的野心缺乏明确性，无论是在部署CCUS的时间尺度还是政府要求的成本削减水平方面。 

Member's comments

会员的评论

Anna Turley, Labour MP for Redcar and Member of the Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee, said:

Redcar的工党议员，商业，能源和工业战略委员会成员Anna Turley说：

"The UK has an opportunity to lead the world in the development of a new CCUS industry. In addition to helping to tackle UK carbon emissions, CCUS can play a crucial role in delivering much needed investment in skills and infrastructure and supporting regional growth and jobs.

“英国有机会在全球CCUS行业的发展中领先世界。除了帮助解决英国的碳排放问题外，CCUS还可以在提供急需的技能和基础设施投资以及支持地区增长和就业方面发挥关键作用。

"The current Energy Minister has been a champion for CCUS, and there have been some encouraging recent developments, but the CCUS industry has been the victim of years of turbulent policy support and suffered a series of false dawns. The Government now needs to give the ‘green-light’ to CCUS and ensure that we seize the domestic growth and jobs opportunities of this modern, green industry.

“现任能源部长一直是CCUS的支持者，近期也有一些令人鼓舞的事态发展，但CCUS行业一直是多年动荡政策支持的受害者，并遭遇了一系列虚假的曙光。政府现在需要给予 CCUS的“绿灯”确保我们抓住这个现代绿色产业的国内增长和就业机会。

"CCUS is crucial to meeting the UK’s climate change targets and will be vital to achieving a ‘net zero’ target. But Government support is needed to make CCUS a reality. The Treasury needs to shake off the blinkers in its attitude to CCUS, take a more nuanced approach to the costs but also recognise the benefits. CCUS is the best and most cost-effective way to reduce our carbon emissions. Without CCUS many of our heavy industries could face closure. CCUS has a critical role to play in decarbonising our economy and modernising UK industry – the Government should now throw its full support behind CCUS and put the right policy levers in place to ensure that this technology can deliver on its potential."

“CCUS对于实现英国的气候变化目标至关重要，对于实现'净零'目标至关重要。但需要政府支持才能使CCUS成为现实。财政部需要摆脱对CCUS态度的眩晕，采取 更加细致入微的成本方法，同时也认识到其优势。CCUS是减少碳排放的最佳和最具成本效益的方式。如果没有CCUS，我们的许多重工业都可能面临倒闭。CCUS在脱碳方面发挥关键作用 经济和英国工业现代化 - 政府现在应该全力支持CCUS，并制定正确的政策杠杆，以确保这项技术能够发挥其潜力。“

Government should provide clarity

政府应提供明确性

Rather than seeking unspecified cost reductions, the report says the Government should kick-start CCUS by aiming to bring forwards projects at least cost. The report also says the ambition to “deploy CCUS at scale during the 2030s” is so broad as to be meaningless, recommending the Government provide clarity by adopting specific targets in line with the Committee on Climate Change's recommendation [see paragraph 16 of the report].

该报告称，政府不应寻求未明确的成本削减，而是应该启动CCUS，旨在以减少成本的方式为项目提供前景。 报告还说，“在2030年代大规模部署CCUS”的野心是如此广泛，以至于毫无意义，建议政府根据气候变化委员会的建议采取具体目标，明确[见报告第16段]。

The Government has set a target to commission the first CCUS facility by the mid-2020s. Five clusters - Teesside, Humberside, Merseyside, South Wales, North East Scotland – have been identified as well suited to early CCUS deployment. The report recommends this ambition is raised to target the development of first CCUS projects in at least three clusters by 2025.

政府已制定目标，在2020年代中期之前委托第一个CCUS设施。 五个选择方案 - 蒂赛德，亨伯赛德，默西塞德郡，南威尔士，苏格兰东北部 - 已被确定为适合早期CCUS部署。 该报告建议实现这一目标，以便到2025年至少在三个集群中开发首个CCUS项目。

The report also recommends that the Government consider an alternative to running a third competition for funding and urgently consult on approaches to allocate funding for CCUS industry clusters, to ensure that the approach selected promotes collaboration and benefits CCUS development across the UK.

该报告还建议政府考虑采用替代方案进行第三次资助竞争，并紧急就CCUS产业集群分配资金的方法进行咨询，以确保所选择的方法促进CCUS在英国的合作并使其受益。

CCUS wider benefits

CCUS更广泛的好处

The report recommends that the forthcoming Comprehensive Spending Review take account not only of CCUS’ costs, but also its wider benefits – notably to extend the lifetime of heavy industries which will otherwise need to close under the requirements of the Climate Change Act. The Committee also recommends the Government task the National Instructure Commission – or a third party – to conduct a cost benefit analysis of the potential role of CCUS to decarbonise industrial emissions and that the results of this assessment should be taken into account during decision-making on spending for national infrastructure.

该报告建议即将进行的综合开支审查不仅要考虑CCUS的成本，还要考虑其更广泛的收益 - 特别是要延长重工业的寿命，否则需要根据“气候变化法”的要求关闭。 委员会还建议政府委托国家结构委员会 - 或第三方 - 对CCUS对工业排放脱碳的潜在作用进行成本效益分析，并在决策过程中考虑评估结果。 国家基础设施支出。

The report recognises CCUS as a particularly useful technology in tackling carbon emissions, with its potential application to many different areas of the economy. For example, carbon capture technology can decarbonise waste gases from power stations and industrial facilities; help to produce clean hydrogen fuel from natural gas; and remove greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere via bioenergy with CCS (BECCS) or direct air CCS (DACCS). 

该报告认为CCUS是解决碳排放问题的一项特别有用的技术，可以应用于许多不同的经济领域。 例如，碳捕获技术可以使发电站和工业设施的废气脱碳; 帮助用天然气生产清洁的氢燃料; 通过CCS（BECCS）或直接空气CCS（DACCS）的生物能源消除大气中的温室气体排放。

As part of this inquiry, the BEIS Committee held an evidence hearing in Teesside where it questioned representatives from the five key areas for CCUS industry clusters (Teesside, Humberside, Merseyside, South Wales, North East Scotland).

作为调查的一部分，BEIS委员会在提赛德举行了一场证据听证会，对CCUS产业集群的五个关键领域(提赛德、亨伯赛德、默西塞德、南威尔士、苏格兰东北部)的代表进行了质询。