本文转自《North West Hydrogen Alliance》发表的题为“CCUS: A key factor in North West decarbonisation”的报道。
原文链接：http://www.nwhydrogenalliance.co.uk/ccus-a-key-factor-in-north-west-decarbonisation/?from=groupmessage&isappinstalled=0
As the Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) Committee publishes a report[1] urging Government to back Carbon Capture Usage & Storage (CCUS), Dr Tony Smith from Peel Environmental looks at how the technology could be a game changer in the North West’s decarbonisation journey.
由于商业，能源和工业战略（BEIS）委员会发布了一份报告[1]，激励政府支持碳捕集、利用和存储（CCUS），皮尔环境的Tony Smith博士研究了该技术如何在西北地区脱碳中发挥作用。
Recent public protests have highlighted the climate change challenge and the need for Government to introduce effective and timely policy. In fact, the UK already has an Act of Law; the 2008 Climate Change Act, which requires reduction in UK greenhouse gas emissions to 20% of their 1990 levels by 2050. The Committee for Climate Change has stated that the cost of meeting this target is approximately twice as high without CCUS. Carbon budgets are in place to monitor progress. The UK has met the first two of these targets, is on line to meet the third but there are significant policy gaps in meeting further carbon budgets. To add to the challenge, the Committee may, within weeks, propose a UK net zero carbon target by 2050. This will require radical changes to energy markets in terms of generation, distribution and consumption.
最近的公众抗议活动突显了气候变化的挑战以及政府需要采取有效和及时的政策。 事实上，英国已经有了法律法案; 2008年气候变化法案要求到2050年英国温室气体排放量减少到1990年水平的20％。气候变化委员会已经表示，没有CCUS，达到这一目标的成本大约是其两倍。 碳预算用于监测进展情况。 英国已经达到了这些目标中的前两个目标，以满足第三个目标，但在满足进一步的碳预算方面存在重大的政策空白。 为了增加挑战，委员会可在数周内提出到2050年英国净零碳目标。这将需要在能源市场的发电，分配和消费方面进行根本性的变革。
The UK produces 361 million tonnes per annum (MTe pa) of CO2, representing around 1% of global emissions. Although a small proportion of the global sum, there is a huge opportunity to become world leaders in CCUS technology, exporting our expertise to a global market as well as delivering early wins for the UK decarbonisation.
英国每年产生3.61亿吨二氧化碳（MTe pa），约占全球排放量的1％。 虽然占全球总和的一小部分，但仍有巨大的机会成为CCUS技术的全球领导者，将我们的专业知识输出到全球市场，并为英国脱碳提供早期的胜利。
“The UK’s storage and supply chain resource strengths mean that we have a unique opportunity to lead the world in the development of a new CCUS industry. The Government should not allow the UK to pass this opportunity up.” (BEIS Committee, April 2019)
“英国的存储和供应链资源优势意味着我们有一个独特的机会来引领全球CCUS行业的发展。 政府不应该允许英国通过这个机会。“（BEIS委员会，2019年4月）
The North West opportunity
西北的机会
In the North West, we produce 40 MTe of CO2 from heat, transport, power and industry every year[2]. Plans are underway to assess capture, transport and store of over 1 MTe pa from existing manufacturing processes by the mid 2020’s. The East Irish Sea Hamilton Field is a potential underground store for CO2 as it nears the end of its gas production life. The proposal encompasses ‘reverse flow’ of an existing pipeline infrastructure and connection to a new build section offering significant cost savings versus alternatives. The creation of this new CCUS network could then be utilised to encompass Cadent’s HyNet project, capturing, transporting and storing an additional 1 MTe pa CO2 as well as offering further CCUS regional opportunity.
在西北地区，我们每年从热能，运输，电力和工业生产40 MTe二氧化碳[2]。 目前正在计划在2020年中期之前评估现有制造工艺中超过1 MTe的捕获，运输和储存。 东爱尔兰海Hamilton油田是一个潜在的二氧化碳地下储层，因为它接近其天然气生产寿命的终点。 该提案包含现有管道基础设施的“逆流”和与新构建部分的连接，与替代方案相比可显着节省成本。 然后可以利用这个新的CCUS网络来创建Cadent的HyNet项目，捕获，运输和存储额外的1 MTe pa二氧化碳，并提供进一步的CCUS区域机会。
The North West has a significant ‘cost of carbon abated’ advantage in developing a decarbonised industrial cluster and is seeking to attract Government funding through the £170m Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund (ISCF). This fund requires that an industrial cluster should achieve net zero carbon by 2040 with a 60% reduction in CO2 by 2030. Government and the Committee on Climate Change see such a cluster approach as essential to prove industrial scale CCUS by the mid 2020’s with the opportunity for substantial roll out and development from 2030.
西北地区在开发脱碳产业集群方面具有显着的“减碳成本”优势，并正在寻求通过1.7亿英镑的工业战略挑战基金（ISCF）吸引政府资金。 该基金要求到2040年，产业集群应实现净零碳，到2030年将减少60％的二氧化碳排放量。政府和气候变化委员会认为这种集群方法对于在2020年中期证明工业规模的CCUS至关重要 从2030年开始大规模推广和开发。
A 2016 study by the Energy Technologies Institute (ETI) demonstrated that the North West has the lowest cost UK scale (>100MTe storage capacity) CCUS opportunity in the East Irish Sea, underpinning the opportunity for the North West to deliver something that’s groundbreaking. The Hamilton Field could store 125 MTe CO2 at up to 5 MTe pa.
能源技术研究所（ETI）2016年的一项研究表明，西北部拥有英国规模最低（> 100MTe存储容量）的东部爱尔兰海CCUS机会，这为西北地区提供了突破性的机会奠定了基础。 Hamilton油田可以储存125 MTe CO2，最高可达5 MTe pa。
While further assessment is needed on feasibility, the signs are encouraging. The North West can utilise existing onshore pipelines and other infrastructure. It also benefits from the potential offshore store being in closer proximity to the coast, at 26km, than other UK options. The study highlights the huge opportunity for significant industrial decarbonisation in the North West which in turn could be a catalyst for further and deeper regional CO2 reductions.
虽然需要进一步评估可行性，但迹象令人鼓舞。 西北地区可以利用现有的陆上管道和其他基础设施。 它也受益于潜在的海底封存场地，距离海岸更近，大概26公里，比其他英国选择都近。 该研究强调了西北地区重大工业脱碳的巨大机遇，而这反过来可能成为进一步深化区域二氧化碳减排的催化剂。
Meeting the challenge
迎接挑战
Many challenges lay ahead in terms of creating regulatory stability and the right mix of ‘carrot and stick’ from Government. Long term price signals are critical to creating investable projects and this must include the development of ‘cost of carbon’ policies.
在建立监管稳定性和政府“软硬兼施”的正确组合方面，面临着许多挑战。 长期价格信号对于创建可投资项目至关重要，这必须包括制定“碳成本”政策。
“We recommend that the forthcoming Comprehensive Spending Review take account not only of CCUS’ costs, but also its wider benefits-notably to extend the lifetime of heavy industries which will otherwise need to close under the requirements of the Climate Change Act”. (BEIS Committee, April 2019)
“我们建议即将进行的综合开支审查不仅要考虑CCUS的成本，还要考虑其更广泛的利益 - 特别是延长重工业的寿命，否则需要根据”气候变化法案“的要求关闭。 （BEIS委员会，2019年4月）
The ISCF is a starting point to underpin the development of a net zero carbon industrial cluster, but this policy, and indeed the government funding behind it, needs to do more. Perhaps the development of three industrial clusters (North West, Grangemouth and the North East) is the pragmatic and scale base route to success. Meanwhile a Government/Industry task force is currently assessing viable carbon cost mechanisms including tax credits, carbon taxes and Contracts for Difference opportunities.
ISCF是支持净零碳产业集群发展的起点，但这项政策以及其背后的政府资金需要做得更多。 也许三个产业集群（西北、Grangemouth、东北）的发展是实现成功的务实和规模基础。 与此同时，政府/行业工作组目前正在评估可行的碳成本机制，包括税收抵免，碳税和差价合约机会。
2019 may prove to be a seminal year for CCUS and the development of large-scale projects which could make a difference. The North West is ready to meet the challenge.
对于CCUS来说，2019年可能是一个开创性的一年，并且可以发展可以发挥作用的大型项目。 西北部已准备好迎接挑战。
[1] https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmbeis/1094/1094.pdf
[2] https://www.lancashire.gov.uk/lancashire-insight/environment/carbon-dioxide-emissions/
