本文转自《CCS knowledge》发布的题为“Large-Scale CCS – IT IS Cost Effective, Flexible and Efficient”的报道。

日期：2018.08.16

作者：Dominika Janowczyk

原文链接：https://ccsknowledge.com/news/blog/large-scale-ccs--it-is-cost-effective-flexible-and-efficient

When we want to purchase equipment that will make our lives easier, we often look for the most efficient and cost effective tools possible.  Scanning the market for pressure washers, we want to know how much water the unit can pump per minute.  Shopping for a new smoothie blender, we need to be able to pulverize a variety of foods fast, so we look for power and flexibility.  Thinking of a new car?  The fact that a hybrid car model has a fuel efficiency of 2.1 L/100km with carbon emissions of 49 g/km is important because long-term costs and efficiencies matter.

当我们想购买能够让我们的生活更轻松的设备时，我们经常会寻找最有效和最具成本效益的工具。 例如，了解市场上的压力清洗机，我们需要知道该装置每分钟可以抽多少水。 购买新的冰沙搅拌机，我们需要能够快速粉碎各种食物，因此我们寻求动力和灵活性。 想要一辆新车？ 混合动力汽车模型的燃油效率为2.1升/ 100公里，碳排放量为49克/公里这一事实非常重要，因为长期成本和效率非常重要。

Such is the case for the next generation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Technology. Maximum efficiency; capturing the most carbon possible using affordable technology is key for CCS to be considered a major climate change mitigation option. The International Energy Agency says that CCS must be able to mitigate 94  (gigatons (GT)) of carbon before 2050 to limit the global temperature rise to 2°C.    

下一代碳捕集与封存（CCS）技术就属于这种情况。 最高效率; 利用负担得起的技术捕获尽可能多的碳是CCS被认为是减缓气候变化的主要选择的关键。 国际能源署表示，CCS必须能够在2050年之前减少94（gigatons（GT））碳，以将全球温度上升限制在2°C。

“Large-scale CCS is the only technology that can substantially reduce CO2 emissions.”

大规模的CCS是唯一可以大幅度减少二氧化碳排放的技术

Scale matters.  It’s a fact that large-scale CCS is the only technology that can substantially reduce CO2 emissions while allowing fossil fuels to meet the world’s needs for energy to power things like tools, appliances and cars.

规模很重要。 事实上，大规模CCS是唯一能够大幅减少二氧化碳排放的技术，同时允许化石燃料满足世界对能源的需求，为工具、电器和汽车等提供动力。

Large-scale is within reach

大规模是触手可及

With second-generation technology applied to a thermal power plant, we can do large-scale cheaper.  We can make it more efficient and ensure that it is flexible enough to not disrupt the existing operation. The need for flexibility is key because it increases efficiencies, creating a reliable, clean coal energy system that allows CCS to integrate well with renewable energy sources. 

随着第二代技术应用于火力发电厂，我们就能以更低的成本进行大规模生产。 我们可以提高效率并确保其足够灵活，不会破坏现有操作。 对灵活性的需求是关键，因为它提高了效率，创建了一个可靠，清洁的煤炭能源系统，使CCS能够与可再生能源很好地整合。

At the International CCS Knowledge Centre, we are executing a feasibility study to examine the business case for a post-combustion capture retrofit of SaskPower’s Shand Power Station near Estevan, Saskatchewan, Canada.  The Shand facility is a 300-MW, single unit, coal-fired power plant that produces approximately 1,100kg of C02/MWh.  Shand has double the capacity of SaskPower’s Boundary Dam 3 Carbon Capture Facility (BD3), which was the world’s first carbon capture facility fully integrated with a coal-fired power plant. 

在国际CCS知识中心，我们正在执行一项可行性研究，以检查加拿大萨斯喀彻温省Estevan附近的SaskPower Shand电站的燃烧后捕集改造的商业案例。 Shand工厂是一个300兆瓦的单机燃煤发电厂，可产生约1,100千克的二氧化碳/兆瓦时。 Shand的容量是SaskPower的Boundary Dam 3碳捕获设施（BD3）的两倍，该设施是世界上第一个与燃煤电厂完全集成的碳捕集设施。

Potential to Capture 2 Million Tonnes of CO2 Per Year

每年捕获200万吨二氧化碳的潜力

The fact that Shand is twice the size makes it an ideal candidate for large-scale CCS application.  Large-scale takes the biggest bite out of emissions, and Shand has the potential to capture as much as 2 million tonnes of CO2 per year, demonstrating the efficiencies gained from doubling the size.

Shand的尺寸是其两倍，这使其成为大规模CCS应用的理想选择。 大规模的排放量最大，Shand有可能每年捕获高达200万吨的二氧化碳，从而证明了尺寸增加一倍所带来的效率。

Potential to Achieve Savings of More Than 30%

可节省30%以上的资源

As with any second-generation development, efficiencies are generated through what was learned and through the refinement of design and technology. The substantial experience gained from operating BD3 is having positive impacts on both the economics and the design in the Shand CCS feasibility study.

与任何第二代开发一样，通过所学知识以及通过设计和技术的改进来提高效率。 从操作BD3获得的丰富经验对Shand CCS可行性研究的经济性和设计都产生了积极影响。

“We are able to scale up, make CCS more efficient and cost effective.”

“我们能够扩大规模，提高CCS的效率和成本效益。”

Regarding costs, early projections on how much would be saved to build the second-generation CCS were anticipated to be about 30%.  However, preliminary findings with the Shand feasibility study indicate the potential for significantly deeper cost reductions.  We are able to scale up and make CCS more efficient and cost effective.

关于成本，关于建造第二代CCS可以节省多少成本的早期预测预计约为30%。 然而，Shand可行性研究的初步结果表明，可能会显着降低成本。 我们能够扩大规模，使CCS更高效，更具成本效益。

The second-generation design achieves other important environmental benefits

第二代设计实现了其他重要的环境效益

The new design offers more flexibility. The carbon capture facility, at BD3 is optimized to capture carbon when the unit is running at full load. In reality, units often run at decreased loads. With the increased need to incorporate more energy options into the grid, it is important that coal plants be able to decrease their load when required to allow for electricity production from renewable sources, and to balance the demands of the grid. As such, it is important that a capture facility must be able to continue to capture CO2 even when the unit that it is serving is running below full capacity. 

新设计提供了更大的灵活性。 BD3上的碳捕获设备经过优化，可在设备满负荷运行时捕获碳。 实际上，单位通常以减少的负荷运行。 随着将更多能源选项纳入电网的需求日益增加，燃煤电厂在需要利用可再生能源发电时能够减少负荷，并平衡电网的需求，这一点非常重要。 因此，重要的是捕获设施必须能够继续捕获二氧化碳，即使它所服务的设备运行低于满负荷。

The Shand design achieves both.  It takes advantage of the CCS plant's ability to vary the plant output, to increase the capture rate at lower loads beyond 90%, while supporting the integration of additional renewable energy from wind and solar. 

Shand设计实现了两者。 它利用CCS电厂改变工厂产量的能力，在低负荷下提高捕获率超过90％，同时支持风能和太阳能的额外可再生能源的整合。

Globally, advancements toward the next generation in large-scale CCS will continue to have positive impacts and outcomes.  We will be able to apply economies of scale to construction and operating costs, reduce the complexity of the technology, take advantage of innovation to provide more environmental benefits and take the biggest bite out of CO2 emissions. 

在全球范围内，大规模CCS对下一代的进步将继续产生积极的影响和结果。 我们能够将规模经济应用于建设和运营成本，降低技术的复杂性，利用创新提供更多的环境效益，并最大限度地减少二氧化碳排放。

We are headed in the right direction and Saskatchewan will continue to play a leading role by bringing science and engineering together to advance research and development.  That said, the real mark of a generational advancement happens when, in this case, new commercial plants get built and begin operating.   At the Knowledge Centre, we are keen to influence this second generation of CCS systems by continuing to apply the knowledge we gained from developing the first CCS plant to be fully integrated with a pulverized coal plant, for a tactical, global response to CO2 emissions.

我们正朝着正确的方向前进，萨斯喀彻温省Saskatchewan将继续发挥主导作用，将科学和工程结合在一起，推动研究和发展。 也就是说，在这种情况下，新的商业工厂建成并开始运营时，真正标志着一代人的进步。 在知识中心，我们热衷于影响第二代CCS系统，继续应用我们从开发第一个CCS工厂获得的知识，与煤发电工厂完全整合，以实现对二氧化碳排放的战术性全球响应。