本文转自《Carbon Capture Journal》发表的题为“Defining opportunity – how OGCI is trying to enable a commercial CCUS industry”的报道。

日期：2018.07.04

原文链接：http://www.carboncapturejournal.com/news/defining-opportunity--how-ogci-is-trying-to-enable-a-commercial-ccus-industry/4053.aspx?Category=all

Collaborating with a wide range of stakeholders, and supported by ten major oil and gas companies, the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI) aims to be a catalyst for a commercial CCUS industry.

石油和天然气气候倡议组织（OGCI）与众多利益相关方合作，并得到十大石油和天然气公司的支持，旨在成为商业CCUS行业的催化剂。

When the ten CEOs behind the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative1 (OGCI) announced in 2016 that they were setting up the billion-dollar Climate Investments fund and prioritising investments to support carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), many were surprised. True, critics had said for years that CCUS was a “get out of jail free card” for the fossil fuel industry, but in reality oil and gas companies had struggled to align around the technology. Stop-and-go government policies, high capture costs and the fear that their support might serve only to prop up the coal industry kept many companies on the sidelines.

当石油和天然气气候倡议组织（OGCI）背后的十位首席执行官宣布他们正在设立数十亿美元的气候投资基金并优先投资以支持碳捕获，利用和储存（CCUS）时，许多人感到惊讶。确实，批评人士多年来一直表示，CCUS是化石燃料行业“监狱免费卡”，但实际上石油和天然气公司一直在努力调整技术。政府时断时续的政策，高额的捕捞成本以及担心他们的支持可能只会支撑煤炭行业，这使得许多公司都处于观望状态。

This report explores why OGCI member companies are now putting their weight behind CCUS and how the organisation aims to be a catalyst for a commercial CCUS industry.

本报告探讨了为什么OGCI成员公司现在正在重视CCUS以及该组织如何成为商业CCUS行业的催化剂。

OGCI’s commitment to the development of CCUS is part of a growing recognition among governments and industry that it could facilitate a simpler, smoother and less damaging transition to a zero carbon economy in the second half of this century. That insight is not new. Scenarios from the IPCC and IEA have consistently shown lower costs for energy transition pathways that include CCUS. What has changed is a sense of urgency and focus as governments develop mid-century climate strategies that go beyond power and focus on how to best decarbonise heavy industry and other hard to abate sectors.

OGCI对CCUS发展的承诺是各国政府和行业越来越认可的一部分，它可以促进本世纪下半叶向零碳经济过渡的更简单，更顺畅和危害更小的转型。这种见解并不新鲜。 IPCC和IEA的预测一直表明，包括CCUS在内的能源转换途径的成本较低。随着各国政府制定出超越权力的上世纪中期气候战略，专注于如何最好地去碳化重工业和其他难以减少的行业，这种紧迫感和专注感发生了变化。

In particular, there is a growing awareness of the need to ensure that measures designed to drive decarbonisation in one country don’t backfire by pushing companies to close down or relocate to laxer jurisdictions. CCUS could be a way to preserve value and jobs alongside decarbonisation, by encouraging a regeneration of industrial areas as they embrace clean technologies enabled by capture and storage infrastructure.

特别是，人们越来越意识到需要确保旨在推动一个国家脱碳的措施不会因为推动公司关闭或重新安置到较宽松的司法管辖区而适得其反。 CCUS可以成为保持价值和就业以及脱碳的一种方式，通过鼓励工业区的再生，因为它们采用捕获和存储基础设施实现的清洁技术。

For oil and gas companies, the value and urgency of CCUS is even clearer. It could contribute substantially to their own decarbonisation and that of their customers and consumers. It could also help the industry to develop new zero carbon business models – from providing carbon transport and storage services, to developing a comprehensive hydrogen business or negative emission technologies.

对于石油和天然气公司来说，CCUS的价值和紧迫性更加清晰。它可以为他们自己的脱碳及其客户和消费者的脱碳作出重大贡献。它还可以帮助该行业开发新的零碳业务模式 - 从提供碳运输和存储服务，到开发全面的氢业务或负排放技术。

Realising that vision requires a functioning CCUS industry – something that OGCI is actively trying to enable and underpin. Over the past two years, OGCI has focused on tackling key obstacles to deploying CCUS at scale. One of its first initiatives was to work with the Society of Petroleum Engineers to develop a consistent methodology to report and classify available carbon storage capacity on a global basis. Global deployment of CCUS will require high levels of confidence in the availability of suitable storage resources in the locations needed. OGCI has deployed the reporting methodology – the Storage Resource Management System (SRMS)2 – to assess existing storage resource estimates and is exploring what work is needed to support large-scale CCUS development in key regions.

意识到这一愿景需要一个有效的CCUS行业 - 这是OGCI正在积极努力实现和支持的东西。在过去两年中，OGCI一直致力于解决大规模部署CCUS的主要障碍。其首要举措之一是与石油工程师协会合作，开发一种统一的方法，在全球范围内报告和分类可用的碳储存容量。全球部署CCUS将需要对所需位置的合适存储资源的可用性充满信心。 OGCI已部署报告方法 - 存储资源管理系统（SRMS）2 - 以评估现有存储资源估算，并正在探索支持关键区域大规模CCUS开发所需的工作。

Other work has focused on promoting clarity around potential policy mechanisms that governments can use to make CCUS investable.3 Leveraging OGCI’s global reach, smaller teams have now started engaging with governments, industry and other stakeholders in a number of countries to accelerate progress on the ground. OGCI is also participating in an innovative multi-stakeholder project to rethink the narrative around CCUS and activate support at many levels.

其他工作的重点是促进政府可以用来使CCUS可投资的潜在政策机制的清晰度.3利用OGCI的全球影响力，小型团队现已开始与一些国家的政府，行业和其他利益相关方进行接触，以加快实地的进展。 OGCI还参与了一个创新的多利益相关方项目，重新思考围绕CCUS的叙述并在多个层面激活支持。

Getting a commercial CCUS industry going, however, will ultimately require many more projects to get off the ground. There are currently only 17 large-scale projects under operation. There are five more in construction and four in an advanced stage of development, but around 100 CCUS projects need to be in operation by 2030 to stay on track, according to the International Energy Agency.

然而，让商业CCUS行业走向最终将需要更多的项目才能开始。目前只有17个大型项目在运作。据国际能源署（International Energy Agency）称，还有五个正在建设中，另外四个处于发展的后期阶段，但到2030年，大约有100个CCUS项目需要投入运营。

Developing potential projects, to catalyse the development of CCUS on a material scale, is one of the priorities of OGCI Climate Investments. CCUS projects tend to be large and complex. They usually involve multi-billion dollars of investments, multiple different parties and sets of expertise along their value chains. Development and build schedules can be as long as a decade.

开发潜在项目，促进CCUS在物质规模上的发展，是OGCI气候投资的优先事项之一。 CCUS项目往往规模庞大且复杂。它们通常涉及数十亿美元的投资，多个不同的政党以及价值链中的一系列专业知识。开发和构建时间表可能长达十年。

Even the early-stage development of these projects is resource-intensive, requiring the deployment of teams with expertise across multiple commercial and technical disciplines, early interaction with stakeholders and sophisticated engineering design. It is often challenging for such complex and large scale projects to find the capital and resources to complete their initial development. As a result, investments at this stage tend to be too risky and speculative for any one company to undertake alone.

即使是这些项目的早期开发也是资源密集型的，需要部署具有跨多个商业和技术学科的专业知识的团队，与利益相关者的早期互动以及复杂的工程设计。对于这样复杂的大型项目来说，找到资金和资源来完成最初的开发往往具有挑战性。因此，对于任何一家公司来说，现阶段的投资往往风险太大，投机性很强。

OGCI Climate Investments has the advantage of being able to draw on significant experience and resources among the member companies, while keeping the agility to move rapidly. It is building on the experience of its first early-stage CCUS project, a UK concept that aims to build the world’s first commercial gas power plant using CCUS and provide carbon transport and storage infrastructure for a surrounding industrial hub. The fund’s role has been to work with the project team to develop a commercially viable concept and basic engineering design. This would demonstrate the project’s technical and commercial viability, helping the government to support it and the private sector to invest with confidence.

OGCI Climate Investments的优势在于能够利用成员公司的丰富经验和资源，同时保持敏捷性快速发展。它建立在其第一个早期CCUS项目的经验基础上，这是一个英国概念，旨在利用CCUS建造世界上第一个商业燃气发电厂，并为周围的工业中心提供碳输送和存储基础设施。该基金的职责是与项目团队合作，开发商业上可行的概念和基础工程设计。这将证明该项目的技术和商业可行性，帮助政府支持它和私营部门充满信心地进行投资。

OGCI Climate Investments is now scanning dozens of early-stage CCUS projects globally. Its aim is to invest risk capital and deploy resources into a handful of projects that have the potential to reduce costs, create shared infrastructure and enable future progress globally and in specific regions. As with the UK project, once the viability of these projects has been demonstrated, OGCI will seek co-investment for the FEED and build phase from third parties.

OGCI Climate Investments目前正在全球范围内扫描数十个早期CCUS项目。其目标是投资风险资本并将资源部署到少数项目中，这些项目有可能降低成本，创建共享基础设施并促进全球和特定地区的未来发展。与英国项目一样，一旦这些项目的可行性得到证实，OGCI将寻求FEED的共同投资并从第三方建立阶段。

Alongside these project investments, OGCI Climate Investments is investing in a broad range of novel carbon capture technologies for applicability on power and industrial flue gas sectors, as well as technologies that demonstrate the value of carbon utilisation in a range of industry sectors. Utilisation is unlikely to be able to absorb the enormous amounts of carbon that must be captured, but it helps to develop an understanding of the value of carbon dioxide as a molecule, and may play an important role in helping to unlock business models for a commercial CCUS industry.

除了这些项目投资外，OGCI气候投资公司还投资于广泛的新型碳捕集技术，以适应电力和工业烟气行业，以及展示各行各业碳利用价值的技术。利用率不太可能吸收必须捕获的大量碳，但它有助于了解二氧化碳作为分子的价值，并可能在帮助解开商业模式中发挥重要作用CCUS行业。

At present, however, the utilisation industry is in its infancy and therefore faces many of the challenges that other emerging technologies and markets face. These include the limited availability of investment capital, and more specifically, the high cost and volatility of carbon dioxide supply. These problems will only be resolved as more and more innovators demonstrate the potential of their technologies.

然而，目前，利用行业处于起步阶段，因此面临着其他新兴技术和市场面临的许多挑战。其中包括投资资本有限，更具体地说，二氧化碳供应的高成本和波动性。只有越来越多的创新者展示其技术的潜力，这些问题才能得到解决。

Two of OGCI’s first investments have been in companies which utilise carbon dioxide. Solidia Technologies is a US-based cement and concrete technology company which has developed patented systems for producing lower-emissions cement and concrete cured with carbon dioxide rather than water. Together, Solidia’s systems lower the carbon footprint of cement and concrete by 70% and water usage by 80% throughout the concrete production process. Econic Technologies is a UK-based company that has developed pioneering catalyst technologies that create value from carbon dioxide by incorporating it as a raw material into the manufacture of polyols, the base of all polyurethanes.

OGCI的两项首批投资来自利用二氧化碳的公司。 Solidia Technologies是一家总部位于美国的水泥和混凝土技术公司，该公司开发了专利系统，用于生产用二氧化碳而不是水固化的低排放水泥和混凝土。在整个混凝土生产过程中，Solidia的系统将水泥和混凝土的碳足迹减少了70％，水的使用量减少了80％。 Econic Technologies是一家总部位于英国的公司，开发了先进的催化剂技术，通过将其作为原料加入到多元醇（所有聚氨酯的基础）的制造中，从二氧化碳中创造价值。

In the two years since OGCI announced it would be making CCUS a priority focus, it has stepped into several interlinked areas – early-stage projects, utilisation technologies, storage availability, policy mechanisms – where progress is needed to build the foundations of a commercial industry. Building on this experience, OGCI is starting to collaborate with a wide range of stakeholders to help get commercial-scale CCUS moving.

 在OGCI宣布将CCUS作为优先重点的两年中，它已经进入了几个相互关联的领域 - 早期项目，利用技术，存储可用性，政策机制 - 需要在建立商业行业基础方面取得进展。在此经验的基础上，OGCI开始与广泛的利益相关方合作，帮助实现商业规模的CCUS移动。

1 OGCI is a CEO-led initiative which aims to lead the oil and gas industry response to climate change, focusing on CCUS, reduction of methane emissions, energy and transport efficiency and low emission opportunities. Launched in 2014, OGCI is currently made up of ten oil and gas companies that collaborate to increase the ambition, speed and scale of initiatives they can undertake to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Its billion-dollar fund, OGCI Climate Investments, supports the development, deployment and scale-up of low emissions technology and business models. It has the ambitious target of delivering one gigatonne of greenhouse reduction on an annual basis within ten years. OGCI’s members are BP, CNPC, ENI, Equinor, PEMEX, Petrobras, Repsol, Saudi Aramco, Shell and Total.

1 OGCI是CEO领导的一项计划，旨在引领石油和天然气行业应对气候变化，重点关注CCUS，减少甲烷排放，能源和运输效率以及低排放机会。 OGCI成立于2014年，目前由十家石油和天然气公司组成，这些公司合作提高他们可以采取的减少温室气体排放的雄心，速度和规模。其数十亿美元的基金OGCI Climate Investments支持低排放技术和商业模式的开发，部署和扩大。它有雄心勃勃的目标，即在十年内每年提供一吨的温室气体减排量。 OGCI的成员包括BP，CNPC，ENI，Equinor，PEMEX，Petrobras，Repsol，Saudi Aramco，Shell和Total。