本文转自《Carbon Capture Journal》发布的题为“Element Energy/ Vivid Economics report says CCS won’t work without public-private collaboration”的报道。

日期：2018.05.15

原文链接：http://www.carboncapturejournal.com/news/element-energy-report-says-ccs-wont-work-without-public-private-collaboration/4036.aspx?Category=all

A new report shows that improving the dialogue and collaboration between public and private stakeholders would be crucial in supporting the deployment of CCS.

一份新报告显示，改善公共和私营利益相关者之间的对话和协作对于支持CCS的部署至关重要。

The report was prepared by Element Energy and Vivid Economics on request by the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI) .

该报告由Element Energy和Vivid Economics根据石油和天然气气候行动组织（OGCI）的要求编写。

A common finding across technical and modelling studies such as IPCC AR5 and the IEA CCS scenarios is that CCS is vital to reducing emissions at lowest cost. However, both public and private sector stakeholders are hesitant to commit the resources necessary to scale-up and roll-out deployment of the technology.

跨技术和模型研究（如IPCC AR5和IEA CCS情景）的一个共同发现是，CCS对于以最低成本减少排放至关重要。然而，政府部门和私营部门的利益相关者都不愿承担必要的资源来扩大和部署该技术。

"By recognising that CCS deployment is a shared beneficial endeavour, public and private sectors can collaborate to achieve scale-up, sais Emrah Durusut, of Element Energy. "Unfortunately, momentum in CCS deployment is currently low. A principal cause is that the dialogue between stakeholders has articulated the costs of CCS, without sufficiently articulating its value.”

“认识到CCS部署是共同的有益努力，公共和私营部门可以合作实现规模扩张，Element Energy的Emrah Durusut说道，”不幸的是，CCS部署的动力目前很低。一个主要原因是利益相关者之间的谈论已经阐明了CCS的成本，但没有充分阐明其价值。“

The report suggests that CCS technology is technically available but all market participants must become familiar with the technology and the contractual arrangements supporting its deployment. The scale-up phase proposed in the report comprises a limited number of full-scale projects, focussed on improving cost certainty and proving deliverability globally in key application sectors.

该报告表明，CCS在技术上是可行的，但所有市场参与者都必须熟悉技术并支持其部署的合理安排。报告中提出的规模扩大阶段包括数量有限的全流程项目，重点是提高成本确定性并在关键应用领域的全球范围内证明产能。

“The scale-up phase reduces costs but still carries significant risks that make it challenging to finance," said Alex Kazaglis, of Vivid Economics. "Once multiple projects have been successful, the roll-out phase focuses on standardisation. The different purposes of these two phases, risk reduction followed by efficiency, demand distinct policy treatments, with a greater role for governments earlier on.”

Vivid Economics的Alex Kazaglis说：“规模扩大阶段降低了成本，但仍存在重大风险，这使得融资难度加大。”一旦多个项目取得成功，推出阶段的重点就是标准化。这两个阶段的不同目的，即降低风险和效率，都需要不同的政策措施，而政府早些时候将发挥更大的作用。“

This study also provides a timeline and comprehensive policy roadmap for the successful scale up and deployment of CCS, detailing the roles of government and business, and how policies may differ across regions. Policy options with a potential of achieving successful outcomes include:

本研究还为成功扩大和部署CCS提供了时间表和全面的政策路线图，详细说明了政府和企业的作用，以及政策在不同地区之间可能存在差异。可能取得成功结果的政策选项包括：

·  Obligation with CCS certificates: Emitters or fuel suppliers are obligated by law to ensure a certain amount of CO2 is captured and stored. Certificates are awarded for storage and can be used to meet the obligation and traded freely.

CCS认证的义务：法律规定发射器或燃料供应商有义务确保捕获和存储一定量的二氧化碳。授予碳存储认证书可用于履行义务，并自由交易。

·  Emission performance standards (EPS) with CCS certificates: An EPS sets minimum emission standards by which emitters must abide. The tradeable certificates function similarly to the obligation scheme and can be used to meet the standard.

具有CCS证书的排放绩效标准（EPS）：EPS规定了排放者必须遵守的最低排放标准。可交易证书的功能类似于义务计划，可用于满足标准。

·  Public procurement, including contract for difference (CFD), entails the government directly procuring CCS. It does not imply the government necessarily funds CCS.

公共采购，包括差价合约（CFD），需要政府直接采购CCS。这并不意味着政府必须资助CCS。

·  Tax credits are reductions in the tax liability of firms if they perform CCS. Credits can be provided for stored carbon but also for capital investment.

税收抵免是指企业履行CCS时的税收减免。可以为储存的碳提供信贷，但也可以为资本投资提供信贷。

·  Other options, such as carbon price (with the exception of Norway) have been insufficient to deliver CCS commercially to date.

其他选择，例如碳价格（挪威除外）不足以在商业上交付CCS。

Policy instruments should be tailored according to global regions where the specific political, legal and cultural contexts are considered. Secondly, a policy instrument should not be solely focussed on providing revenue for stored carbon but also needs to incentivise efficient investment in CO2 network infrastructure. Finally, all parties will have to contribute to the scale-up costs of CCS: governments in terms of tax breaks or investment, the private sector via investment measures or certificates and end users via levies (e.g. fuel consumers).

政策手段应根据全球范围的具体政治，法律和文化背景的进行量身定制。其次，政策手段不应该只专注于为储存碳提供收入，还需要激励对二氧化碳网络基础设施的有效投资。最后，各方都必须为CCS的扩大成本做出贡献：政府通过税收减免或投资，私营部门通过投资措施或证书以及最终用户通过征税（例如燃料消费者）。