本文转自《FORTUNE》发表的题为“To meet net zero emissions targets, China—and the rest of the world—needs these technologies”的报道。

原文链接：https://fortune.com/2020/09/24/net-zero-emissionscarbon-capture-utilization-storage-iea-china/amp/?__twitter_impression=true

日期：2020.09.24

作者：KATHERINR DUNN

Without carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology, our energy and climate goals will become virtually impossible to reach, the head of the IEA said.

IEA负责人说，如果没有碳捕集、利用与封存技术，我们的能源和气候目标将几乎无法实现。

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage will be critical for China—and the world—to meet current net zero emissions targets, the International Energy Agency said Thursday.

国际能源署周四表示，二氧化碳捕集利用与封存技术对于中国乃至世界实现当前的零净排放目标至关重要

China announced on Tuesday that it would tatget net zero emissions by 2060,a target IEA executive director Fatih Birol said the Paris-based agency welcomed. China is the world’s largest emitter and consumes half of the world’s coal.

国际能源署的执行总裁Fatih Birol表示，中国周二宣布将在2060年前实现净零排放目标。中国是世界上最大的排放国，消耗的煤炭占世界的一半。

However, he cautioned that meeting such a target—which is a decade later than most current net zero goals for 2050—would require finding a way to capture and utilize the carbon emitted by China’s relatively young energy infrastructure.

但是他说，要实现这一目标（比目前的大多数2050年净零目标要晚十年），需要对其较新的能源基础设施进程二氧化碳捕集利用与封存技术的改造。

It’s a conundrum facing not just China. In a report released Thursday, the IEA said carbon capture, utilization, and storage (collectively known as CCUS) would be critical to offsetting existing infrastructure and the emissions from difficult to decarbonize sectors—like concrete production and aviation—as well as creating hydrogen and pulling carbon from the atmosphere.

这不仅是中国面临的难题。 IEA在周四发布的一份报告中表示，碳捕集，利用与封存（统称为CCUS）对于抵消现有基础设施以及难以脱碳的部门（如混凝土生产和航空）以及产生氢气和碳的排放至关重要。

Simply eliminating the emissions of relatively young infrastructure with decades left in their technical lives will require advanced CCUS technology—capable of eliminating 600 billion tons of CO2 emissions over the next five decades, a figure equivalent to roughly 17 years of emissions, the IEA said.

IEA表示，仅消除相对年轻的基础设施的技术生命就需要数十年，这将需要先进的CCUS技术-能够在未来五年内消除6,000亿吨的二氧化碳排放量，这一数字大约相当于17年的排放量。

Doing so would require overt government support, Birol said in the Thursday report. Without CCUS technology, “our energy and climate goals will become virtually impossible to reach,” he said.

Birol在周四的报告中说，这样做将需要政府的明确支持。他说，如果：没有CCUS技术，我们的能源和气候目标将几乎无法实现。

The push for governments to back CCUS projects was also echoed on Thursday by the Prime Minister of Norway, which is creating a new project to link two CCUS projects to a storage facility under the North Sea.

挪威总理周四也回应了政府支持CCUS项目的要求，挪威总理正在建立一个新项目，将两个CCUS项目与北海的一个存储设施连接起来。

The country has already used such technology, as pointed out by Prime Minister Erna Solberg.

总理Erna Solberg指出，该国已经使用了这种技术。

“We know that this is a safe procedure. We know the technology is there,” Solberg said. “What we now really have to work for is cutting costs.” Governments should bear the “start up costs” to help bring the burden down, she said.

“我们知道这是一个安全的程序。我们知道技术在那里。”Solberg说。 “我们现在真正需要努力的是削减成本。”她说，政府应该承担“启动费用”，以帮助减轻负担。

CCUS projects are still relatively few in number, with just 20 commercial projects worldwide, but the numbers are growing. Thirty projects have been approved over the past three years, the IEA says, on track to double the total carbon capture from about 40 million tons today.

CCUS项目的数量仍然相对较少，全球仅有20个商业项目，但数量正在增长。国际能源署说，过去三年中已经批准了30个项目，有望使总碳捕集量从今天的约4000万吨增加一倍。

While the technology has long been used in some natural gas and fertilizer projects, none of the current projects are in the industries that need them most, said the IEA: steel and, in particular, concrete manufacturing, which has virtually no viable alternatives to the current emissions-heavy process. Concrete production currently produces about 7% of global emissions, the IEA says, more than double the amount produced by global aviation—itself a notoriously difficult-to-decarbonize sector. In aviation, CCUS is critical to produce hydrogen, one of the most likely solutions to aviation’s dependence on jet fuel.

IEA表示，虽然这项技术已长期用于某些天然气和化肥项目，但当前的项目都不在最需要它们的行业中：钢铁，特别是混凝土制造，实际上没有替代品。国际能源署说，混凝土生产目前产生了约7％的全球排放量，是全球航空业本身的两倍，而航空业本身就是一个众所周知的难以脱碳的行业。 在航空领域，CCUS对于生产氢至关重要，这是解决航空对喷气燃料依赖的最可能解决方案之一。

That has produced an influx of investment just this year, the IEA said, with $4 billion from businesses and governments since the start of the year until September. However, the IEA warned that CCUS projects must be a critical part of COVID-19 recovery plans, and are at risk of slowing momentum from the ensuing financial crash.

IEA称，这仅在今年就吸引了投资的涌入，自今年年初至9月，来自企业和政府的投资达40亿美元。 但是，IEA警告说，CCUS项目必须是COVID-19复苏计划的重要组成部分，并且有可能因随后的金融危机而减缓发展动力。